Non-loosening hinge



Sept. 30, 1958 L.. R. ANDERSON NoN-LoosENING HINGE FiledvJan. 6, 1954Lloyd R. Anderson .INVENTOR ATTORNEY 2,853,747 NoN-LoosENnvG rnNGE LloydR. Anderson, Bethesda, Md.

Application January 6, 1954, Serial No. 402,502

12 Claims. (Cl.,20-16) The present invention relates to buildinghardware and more particularly to a hinge construction of generalutility such as used on doors.

Although hinges have been used for many years and with all types of doorclosers, door stops, and door holders, hinges heretofore used have notbeen entirely satisfactory because the attaching screws have come loose,particularly the attaching screws for the jamb leaf of the top hinge.The screws for the top hinge of doors repeatedly come loose due to thetension. on the screws caused by the weight of the door as well as thereaction produced by the door stops, door holders, or door closers.

In doors equipped with a door stop or door holder reacting against thetop edge of the door close to the top hinge for preventing the door fromopening too far, additional strain is produced on the screws securingthe jamb leaf of the top hinge to the hinge jamb of the door frame. Therepeated stress and strain causes the screws to pull out resulting insagging doors requiring much expensive maintenance to keep the dooroperative.

An object of the present invention is to provide a hinge structure whichwill overcome the problem of screws becoming loose.

Another object is to provide a hinge structure which will distribute thestress and strain suiciently to limit the stress to suicientlysmall'loads on each fastening element that the fastening elements willremain secure without attention.

Another object is to provide a structure which will always have some ofthe fastening elements in shear stress thereby reducing the tensilestress on the fastening elements.

Still another object is to provide hinge structure which receives alarge part of its support from mortised mountings in the door jamb anddoor.

A further object of the invention is to provide attachment means forconventional hinges which will provide anchoring for the jamb leaf tothe jambvand lintel of a door frame.

A further object is to provide means to positively retain the jamb leafof the top hinge of a door against the pulling out of the fasteningscrews.

Other and further objects will become apparent as the descriptionproceeds and upon reference to the accompanying drawing wherein:

Figure 1 is a perspective of a top portion of a door and door frameequipped with a conventional overhead door stop and the non-looseninghinge of the present invention;

Figure 2 is an elevation of the hinge in closed condition as viewed fromthe side thereof opposite the hinge pin;

Figure 3 is an elevation with parts broken away and parts in sectiontaken substantially on line 3-3 of Figure 2 of the hinge as viewed fromthe jamb side thereof;

Figure -4 is a plan view of the hinge in partially open condition withportions of the anchoring straps broken away; and,

- United' States Patent O 2,853,747 Patented Sept. 30, 1958 ICC Figure 5is a plan view of a modified form of the hinge in which the pivot pinshown in section is located inwardly from the heel of the door and alsospaced from the door face.

Upon more detailed reference to the drawing a hinge jamb 10 and a headjamb or lintel 11 of a conventional door frame support a jamb plate 12of a butt hinge having three knuckles 13, 14, and 15. The jamb plate 12is secured to the hinge jamb 10 by means of conventional screws 16passing through countersunk holes 17. The jamb leaf is received in amo-rtise recess 18 in the hinge jamb in a more or less conventionalmanner so that the exposed surface of the jamb leaf is substantiallyflush with the inner surface of the hinge jamb 10 of a door frame.

An anchoring member 19 in the form of a strap or plate is secured ato-ne end to the top end of the jamb leaf or plate 12 as by beingintegral therewith, attached thereto by welding or the like, orotherwise fixed. Such strap or plate extends at substantially rightangles to the jamb leaf 12 and is mortised into the lintel 11 inmortised recess 20 thereby providing a flush relation between the lowersurface of the anchoring plate or strap and the lower surface of thelintel so that the strap 19 is hidden when the door is closed. The strap19 is made of sufficient length and is provided with screws 21 or otherfastening means passing through countersunk holes 22 into the lintel 11thereby securely maintaining the strap in position and preventingrocking of the jamb leaf 12 even though screws 16 become loose.

A door hinge leaf or plate 23 having two kunckles 24 and 25 is receivedin a mortised recess 26 in the heel or hinge edge of a door 27 andextends from the bottom of the leaf 23 to the top edge of the door. Thedoor leaf 23 is secured by means of flat head screws 28 passing throughcountersunk holes 29 and screwed into the door thereby maintaining thehinge leaf 23 in xed operative position. An anchoring member 30 in theform of a strap or plate extends from the upper edge of hinge leaf orplate 23 and is received in a mortised recess 31 in the top of the door.The strap 30 is secured in position by means of screws 32 passingthrough countersunk holes 33 maintaining the strap in the mortisedrecess 31. It will be understood that the anchoring strap 30 may be of alength to extend completely from the heel or hinge edge of the door tothe lock edge of the door to reinforce the entire upper portion of thedoor, or the strap may be made of an intermediate length for securingthe hinge stile of the door to the central portion of the door. Themortised recess 31 extending to the hinge edge of the door permits Watercollecting in the mortise recess to drain from the heel edge of the.door reducing danger of rotting. Since the water may drain from thehinge edge, weep holes which might mar the appearance of the door faceare unnecessary.

It will be apparent that the door is supported by other hinges which maybe of the conventional types located at the bottom of the door orintermediate the top and bottom or at both locations. The anchoringstrap on the jamb leaf and the door leaf may be the same length ifdesired. For some uses the door leaf strap may be omitted entirely ormay be relatively short to permit use of door stops or door holderswhich are mortised in the top edge of the door.

The invention includes the combination with a door frame having a hingejamb 10 and-a head jamb 11 with a door 27 mounted on and received innested position in the door frame for swinging movement from a closednested position within the door frame to an open position as shown. Ahinge comprising a jamb hinge leaf includes a jamb plate 12 received ina mortised recess in the top 'portion o-f the inner surface of thehingejarnb 10, which mortised recess abuts the head jamb orv lintel with theexposed surface of the hinge jamb plate 12 substantially flush with theinner surface of the hinge jamb. Said jamb leaf also includes a headjamb plate 19 xed to the upper end ofthe hinge jamb plate 12 andextending at substantially the vsame angle as the Sangle `ibetw'een.`the hinge jamb and the he'ad jamb 11 of the `door f'rarne with the headjamb plate 19 received in a mortised recess in the head jamb ofthe doorframe with the ,exposeds'hrface`of the head jamb plate substantiallyflush with `the inner surface of the head Vjamb, said jamb platessubstantially abutting thev edges of the mortised recesses; A door hingeleaf includes a heel edge door "plate 23 received in a mortisedre'cessin the top portion yof the heel ed'ge of the door 27,'said door'leafalso including a top door plate 30 .received in a'mortise-d `recessinthe top edge of the door with the exposed surface of the heel edgedoor plate and the top door plate being substantially flush with thelheel edge and the top `door edge respectively. Said door hinge leaf`including said door plates formsa door leaf dihedral angle nested withina dihedral angle formed by s'aid janib leaf plates in the closed doorposition. Said door leaf is pivotally mounted on said jar'nb leafforpivotal movement about anV axis close to the outer surface of thedoor and the door jamb, said pivotal mounting including a plurality ofknuckles and a pivot pin. The door leaf is secured to the hinge and topedges of the door 'by screws 28'and 32 and .the jamb leaf issecured tothe jamb's ofthe door frame by screws 16 and 21y whereby the vdoor 27 issupported byl said hingeand may swing fromV a nested position withinthedihedral angle formed bythe jamb plates 12 and 19 and the jambs 10 and11of the door frame to a'position outwardly therefrom asshown.

. It will be evident that the jamb `leaf may be provided with a singleknuckle andithat the door leaf may vbe provided with a singlevknuckleand the advantages of the present invention will be obtained with asuitable connecting pivot pin.

The ja'mb hinge leaf including plates 12 and 19 which yform a dihedralanglel are pivotally connected to the door leaf including door-platesz23and 30 which' form a dihedral angle which. is received innestedrel'ation within the dihedral angle ofthe jamb hinge leaf and suchhinge leaves are pivotally connected together'by` means 4offpivot pin 34having an ornametalknob 35 fixed thereto and such pivot-pin may -besecuredV in operative relation to the hinge knuckles 13, .14, 15, 24,and 25 by means of a set screw 36 threaded into one' of thev knucklessuch'a's center knuckle 14 and extending into a recess 37 in the pin 34thereby retaining4 the pin in operative positionand permitting the pinto be inserted from the topk or bottom of the hinge makingthe hingeadaptable lfor use where some obstruction such as conventional door trimmay prevent insertion of the pin' from 'one end. The top and bottomknuckles may be internally threaded at' 38 for receiving an ornamentalknob 39 which is correspondingly threaded for use either at the top orbottom of the hinge depending upon which end the pivot pin has beeninserted from. The threads 38 may be omitted and the knob held in placeby frictionor. other means.

The hinge described `above is particularly adaptable for use with doorsequipped with upper door'sto'ps or door holders such as that shown VinFigure 1 wherein a rod 40 pivotally connected lto a stud 41 on theylint'el at one end has its other end connected to a slide 42 mounted formovement in a guideway 43. Upon extreme opening movement of the door 27,the slide strikes a stop in the hinge end of the guideway preventingfurther opening movement of the door and rresulting in a severe strainon the hinge tending to pull. outscrews 16 from the hinge jamb. Doorholders are also provided with means to maintain the door in openposition and when the door is closed there is a reaction against the rod40 of a door holder resulting in a 'reaction tending to pullout-'screws28 of the door` leaf 23 and producing a shear action on screws 16 of thejamb leaf. Consequently there is a serious problem in buildingmaintenance due to the loosening of screws in the door hinges. With thepresent invention the reaction which tends to pull out jamb screws 16 isreceived by the anchor strap 19 against the edges of the mortised recess20 and such mortised recess and particularly the end adjacent the lockjamb will have the effect of taking the reaction and the screws 21 willalso take the reaction 'inshear rather than intension. Similarly thereaction of the hinge leaf23 will be taken at least in part byAtlie's'crews 32 in shear and also by the edges ofthemortised`r'ecess31.

Referring to Figure 5, the jamb hinge leaf has a rectangular planeportion'44`a'nd acurved portion 45 extending from one long edge ofrectangular portion 44 and bent from the plane of said rectangularportion to extend toward the lock jamb and terminating in knuckles andthe door hinge leaf has a rectangular portion 46 and a curvedportion47'terminatin'g' in cooperating knuckles. A A pivot pin 48 connectsthehinge leaves'in pivoted relation. Anchor strap members 49' and 50fixed to the jamb leaf and door leaf respectivelycorrespondto'straps 19and 30 respectively ofthe first modification. The axisv of pivot pin 48is located infront of the door and spaced vaway from the'hingejambtoward the lock jamb a suitable distance for use with hinges having-such`a locationfor the axis of pivotal movement of the door. Thisform oflhinge may be used, -for example, with`the construction in which thepivotal axisis located%*-inch from the hinge edge of the door `and3pinch-in front of the surface of the door, and may be designedeforother offsetsras required. i p

The hinge may be of the simple type inwhich lthe abutting edges of thehinge knuckles serve as bearings, but kadditional bearings 'S1 are shownbetween the knuckles' for reducing friction lbetween the knuckles andsuch'bearings'may be of the ball bearing type or conventional oilitebearings; p Y

It vvill'be noted that the jamb leaf'plate I2 isia'ppreciably largerthan the door leaf plate 23 by an amount providing fo-r the thickness ofanchor plates 19 and4 30 as well as the clearance between theanchor-platesas shown" in Figs. 2' and' 3. The clearance is*V preferablythe conventional clearance provided between the door and the door jamb.Regardless of whether the jamb leaf plate'lZ iscon'sidered to include aspart of itsV length the thickness ofthe anchor plate'19-or not,l atleast a portion Yofthe integraljamb dihedral angle member extends upvinto the head jamb or lintel of the door frame and such portionpositively maintains the jamb leaf 12 of the hingein fixed relation tothe door frame.

Although the hinge has beenV described: for use'atv the upper corner ofa door it will be apparent that the hinge may be used at the lowercorner or may be used for many other uses Where additional strength isdesired and where the screws pull out. This hinge saves much expensiveconstruction which is now considered necessary to provide door stops.struction is inadequatefor use with overhead door holders particularlyWhere doors aregsubject to highstresses due to winds and drafts. In somebuilding'fconstruction architects design specially built walls toprevent doors from opening beyond approximately degrees to'rfo'restalldamage to the doo-rs, hinges, door closers etc. Such construction lisextremely expensive. lByusing the anchor hinge of the presentinvention arelatively inexpensive overhead door stop andhholder vmay'fp'erforrn thefunction ofthe expensive specially built walls-or structural abutments.

Having thus described the invention -it willV be apparent that changesmay be made within the scope and spirit of the invention in accordancewith the denition of the invention as claimed.

Present conventional hinge conwww" S claimt y 1. In combination with adoor franiehaving a hinge jamb and a head jamb and a door adapted to bemounted on and received in nested position in the door frame forswinging movement from a closed nested position within the door frame toan open position,` a hinge comprising a jamb hinge leaf including ahinge jamb plate received in a mortised recess in the inner surface ofthe hinge jamb which abuts the head jamb with the exposed surface of thehinge jamb plate substantially ush with the inner surface of the hingejamb, said jamb hinge leaf also including a head jamb plate fixed to thehead jamb end of the hinge jamb plate and extending at substantially thesame angle as the angle between the hinge jamb and head jamb of the doorframe and received in a mortised recess in the head jamb of the doorframe with the exposed surface portion of the head jamb platesubstantially ush with the inner surface of the head jamb, said jambplates substantially abutting the edges of the mortised recesses, a doorhinge leaf including a door plate pivotally mounted on said jamb hingeleaf for pivotal movement about an axis close to the outer surface ofthe door and door jamb, said pivotal mounting including knuckle meansand a pivot pin, said door hinge leaf being secured to the hinge edge ofthe door, and said jamb hinge leaf being secured to the jambs of thedoor frame whereby the door supported by .said hinge may swing from anested position within the dihedral angle formed by the jamb plates ofthe jamb hinge leaf and the jambs of the door frame to a positionoutwardly therefrom, the width of the door hinge leaf from the pivotaxis being approximately the width of the hinge jamb plate and being ofa length whereby the door leaf nests within the dihedral angle lformedby the head jamb and the hinge jamb with v the door in closed position.

2. The invention according to claim 1 in which each hinge leaf has aplurality of knuckles and a hinge pin connects the knuckles of the jambhinge leaf to the knuckles of the door hinge leaf.

3. The invention according to claim l in which the pivot pin isremovable by axial movement in aA direction substantially parallel tothe hinge jamb plate and door plate in a direction away from the headjamb plate.

4. In combination with a door frame having a hinge jamb and a head jamband a door adapted to be mounted on and received in nested position inthe door frame for swinging movement from a closed nested positionwithin the door frame to an open position, a hinge comprising a jambhinge leaf including a hinge jamb plate received in a mortised recess inthe inner surface of the hinge jamb which abuts the head jamb with theexposed surface of the hinge jamb plate substantially flush with theinner surface of the hinge jamb, said jamb hinge leaf also including ahead jamb plate fixed to the head jamb end of the hinge jamb plate andextending at substantially `the same angle as the angle between thehinge jamb and head jamb of the door frame and received in Y a mortisedrecess in the head jamb of a door frame with the exposed surface portionof the head jamb plate substantially ush with the inner surface of thehead jamb, said jamb plates substantially abutting the edges of themortised recesses, a door hinge leaf including a door plate pivotallymounted on said jamb hinge leaf for pivotal movement about an axis closeto the outer surface of the door and door jamb, the pivotal connectionbetween the jamb hinge leaf and the door leaf being located inwardlyfrom the hinge jamb and the hinge jamb plate in a direction toward thefree end of the head jamb plate to thereby offset the pivotal connectiontoward the lock edge of the door, said pivotal mounting includingknuckle means and a pivot pin, said door hinge leaf being secured to thehinge edge of the door, and said jamb hinge leaf being secured to thejambs of the door frame whereby the door supported by said hinge mayswing from a nested position Within the dihedral angle formed by thejamb plates and the jambs of the door frame to a position outwardlytherefrom, the width of the door hinge leaf from the pivot axis beingapproximately the Width of the hinge jamb plate and being of a lengthwhereby the door leaf nests within the dihedral 4angle formed by thehead jamb and the hinge jamb with the door in closed position.

5. The invention according to claim 4 in which each hinge leaf has aplurality of knuckles and a hinge pin connects the knuckles of the jambhinge leaf to the knuckles of the door hinge leaf.

6. The invention according to claim 4 in whichl the door hinge leafincludes a heel door plate secured to the heel edge of the door, and ahead door plate fixed to the head end of the heel door plate and securedto the head end of the door, the dihedral angle formed by the heel doorplate and the head door plate corresponding to the angle between theheel edge of the door and the head end of the door.

7. The invention according to claim 6 in which the door hinge leaf isvreceived in a mortised recess in the door.

8. The invention according to claim 4 in which the pivot pin isremovable by axial movement in a direction substantially parallel to thehinge jamb plate and door plate in a direction away .from the head jambplate.

9. In combination with a door frame having a hinge jamb and a head jamband a door adapted to be mounted on and received in nested position inthe door frame for swinging movement from a closed nested positionwithin the door frame to an open position, a hinge comprising a jambhinge leaf including a hinge jamb plate received in a mortised recess inthe inner surface of the hinge jamb which abuts the head jamb with theexposed surface of the hinge jamb plate substantially flush with theinner surface of the hinge jamb, said jamb leaf also including a headjamb plate xed to the head jamb end -of the hinge jamb plate andextending at substantially the same angle as the angle between the hingejamb and head jamb of the door frame land received in a mortised recessin the head jamb of a door frame with the exposed surface portion of thehead jamb plate substantially ush with the inner surface of the headjamb, said jamb plates substantially abutting the edges of the mortisedrecesses, a door hinge leaf including a heel edge door plate forsecurement against the heel edge of a door, said door leaf alsoincluding a head door plate for securement on the head edge of the door,said door hinge leaf including said door plates forming a door hingeleaf dihedral angle nested within the dihedral angle formed by said jambplates in the closed door position, said door hinge leaf being pivotallymounted on said jamb hinge leaf for pivotal movement about an axis closeto the `outer surface of the door and door jamb, said pivotal mountingincluding knuckle means and a pivot pin, said door leaf being securedtothe heel and head edges of the door, and said jamb hinge leaf beingsecured to the jambs of the door frame whereby the door supported bysaid hinge may swing from a nested position within the dihedral angleformed by the jamb plates and the jambs of the door frame to a positionoutwardly therefrom.

l0. The invention according to claim 9 in which each hinge leaf has aplurality of knuckles and a hinge pin connects the knuckles -of the jambhinge leaf to the knuckles of the door hinge leaf.

1l. The invention according to claim 9 in which the door leaf isreceived in a mortised recess in the door.

l2. The invention according to claim 9 in which the pivot pin isremovable by axial movement in a direction substantially parallel to thehinge jamb plate and the heel edge door plate in a direction away fromthe head lamb plate and the head door plate.

(References on following page) 7 References Cited in the le of thislpatent 1,141,303

UNITEDsTATEs PATENTS I .26,375 Rihardson Dec. 6,2 1859 4430,238 l.kammAug.2, 1892 5 1,052,701 Watters Feb. 11,.,1913 1,076,689 E`MCK1'1I1E:` VA Oct.V 28, ,1913 @3403.618

(1 8 Bennett etal. Iune,1, 1915 Fauser Apr."`,7, 1925 g Bis's'ell et aLFeb 14, 1950

